第一部分：引言

《現(xiàn)代英語語法》是由李基安先生編寫，全國高等教育自學(xué)考試指導(dǎo)委員會指定的全國高等教育自學(xué)考試教材。

關(guān)于這門課程的考試要求，可參見該教程第425所附錄的《英語語法自學(xué)考試大綱》。大綱是方向、目標(biāo)，廣大考生必須仔細了解。

英語語法是關(guān)于英語語言結(jié)構(gòu)的理論知識。通過該課程的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)員能夠比較系統(tǒng)地認識英語從詞，句到語篇的構(gòu)造，從而提高他們應(yīng)用英語的規(guī)范性。

在學(xué)習(xí)該教材時，學(xué)員普遍存在兩種傾向：一是，由于該教材都是用英文編寫，里面又涉及很多專業(yè)術(shù)語，許多學(xué)員覺得高深、難懂；二是，有些學(xué)員認為，自己從學(xué)英語開始就在學(xué)習(xí)英語語法，沒有必要在這門功課上花太多的精力，所有的語法書都大同小異，自己稍做準(zhǔn)備就能對付過去。

其實，兩種看法都失偏頗?，F(xiàn)代語法的發(fā)展與傳統(tǒng)語法已經(jīng)存在比較明顯的差異，例如：傳統(tǒng)語法認為，英語有九種（甚至十六種）時態(tài)，該教程則采取的是‘a(chǎn) system of two tenses and two aspects’—-—-—-兩時兩體體系。另外對phrases, clauses 的概念也有不同的定義。書中提到的一些其他語言現(xiàn)象，如：外位[extraposition], 分隔[discontinuity], 分裂句[cleft sentence]等都是一般語法書所不提及或者闡述不同。該教材也并非高深莫測，畢竟多數(shù)語言現(xiàn)象還是我們?nèi)粘Ｓ⒄Z學(xué)習(xí)中所耳濡目染的，只不過我們許多英語學(xué)習(xí)者沒有考究過它們形成的理論根據(jù)，來龍去脈而已。

所以，為了使自己的英語更加規(guī)范，讓自己能用英語更準(zhǔn)確、有效地傳遞信息、表達思想，英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生還是很有必要把這門課程學(xué)好。

現(xiàn)在我們就結(jié)合《現(xiàn)代英語語法》教材，近幾年英語語法專業(yè)考試試題，講述英語語法考試中考生容易忽略的測試要點或難點。

我們先通過幾道語法題來檢測你現(xiàn)有的現(xiàn)代語法水平，接著探討一下該教材的學(xué)習(xí)方法，最后把教材各章的要點、難點歸納給大家。在整個講解過程中，我們力爭多采用教材里的素材以及往年試題中的一些經(jīng)典考題，以便學(xué)員在學(xué)習(xí)、歸納語法現(xiàn)象的同時使自己的備考收效最大化。

先測試一下自己的現(xiàn)代語法水平(同時了解一下英語語法考試的題型、結(jié)構(gòu)；每年考試形式基本相同，有些部分稍有調(diào)整。為了節(jié)省篇幅，這里各部分只選取幾個樣題)

The Pre-course Quiz

I、單項選擇題（本大題共20小題，每題1分，共20分）

Choose the best answer from the choices given:

1. In the end, he __________.

a. got invited  b. gets invited  c. was invited  d. was to be invited

2. Do what I tell you --__________!

a. or else  b. or so  c. and that  d. and do

3. __________ , he managed to remain among the top 5% of his class.

a. To work hard as he did   b. Working hard as he did  

c. Work hard as he did     d. Worked hard as he did

4._____ there be life on Mars? (p171)

a. May     b. Can     c. Might     d. Ought

5.Stay _____ have dinner with us, will you?(p263)

a. to     b. or     c. and     d. here

6.You _____ be shocked at the news.(p168)

a. should well    b. must well    c. may well    d. can well

7. You have to wait a minute, ______?

a. haven't you   b. do you

c. don't you     d. shouldn't you

8. Staying in hotel cost ________ renting a room in a dormitory for a week.

a. twice as much       b. twice as much as

c. as much as twice     d. twice than

9. I don't think she meant_________ you. (p206)

a. hurt      b. to hurt      c. hurting      d. be hurt

10. ___ I worked hard at school, I ___ this kind of work now.

a. Had... wouldn't have done       b. Had...  wouldn't be doing

c. If...  wouldn't do             d. If...  wouldn't be doing

II.多項選擇題（本大題共5小題，每題2分，共10分）

Fill in the blanks with one of the items given below:

a, the, any, some, all

1. __________ of us decides what to take into the future and what to leave behind. That's why__________ arrival of the Year 2000 has become such a personal moment.

2. be, is, was, are ,were, will be, shall be, has, have had

   a. She is one of these girls who _______ trouble running around.

   b. This one of the many houses here which _______ destroyed in the earthquake.

3. seem, seems, me, I, mine

Your politics _____ to be entirely different from _____. (p59)

4. less, less of, than, as, like

Mr. Smith is _____ a politician ______ Mr. Lee. (p237)

III.填空題（本大題共20小題，每題1分，共20分）

Fill in the blank with an appropriate coordinator or subordinator:

1. It was an island __________ name I have forgotten.

2. He carried his luggage all the way home, __________ was actually unnecessary.

3. He soon made it clear __________ he had asked for a meeting.

4. The police arrived, after __________ the situation became calmer.

Fill in the blanks with proper words:

5.I like Australia best _______ all the English-speaking countries.

6.I made a comparison _______ the major English speaking countries.(p251)

IV.改錯題（本大題共8小題，每小題1分，共8分）

Correct errors in the following sentences:  

1. Francis Bacon wrote that reading made a full man.

2. Go and get some fresh air! You were sitting here all morning.

3.The all of Paris welcomed the general. (p79)

4. I've got five brothers, and every of them is quite different from the others.

5. None of my parents are interested in my idea. (p344)

V.改寫句子（本大題共14小題，每題2分，共28分）

Rewrite the following sentences as required:

1. Combining the sentences into one that contains a relative clause:

You sent my son an English-Chinese dictionary. Thank you very much.

2. Combining the sentences into one that contains a relative clause:

Twenty horses were put into the corral. They were to be trained for riding.

3.Combine the sentences into one that contains a relative clause:(p289)

   My boss is a very considerate person. His predecessor was not a considerate person at all.

4.Rewrite the following sentence using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:

   A: Is John trying to enter Harvard Law School?

   B: No, I don't think John is trying to enter Harvard Law School. He hates lawyers.

5. Use discontinuity:

Excessive exposure to violence on TV is more harmful than expected to children.

VI.名詞解釋（本大題共2小題，每小題2分，共4分）

Define the following terms with examples:

1. Non-finite verbs

2. Determiners

VII.簡答題（本大題共5小題，每小題2分，共10分）

1. What are inherent adjectives?

2. Can HOW - exclamations be used to highlight the noun? If not, what can HOW - questions highlight?

Key to the pre-course quiz

I. 單項選擇題（每小題1分，共20分）

1、a 　　2、a　　3、b　　4、b　　5、c　　6、c　7、c　　8、b　9、b　10、b

II. 多項選擇填空題（每小題2分，共10分，）

1. Each, the （共2分，一格1分）

2. have, were（共2分，一格1分）

3. seem, mine（共2分，一格1分）

4. less of, than（共2分，一格1分）

III. 填空題（每題1分，共20分）

1. whose

2. which

3. why

4. which

5. among

6.between

IV. 改錯題（每小題1分，共8分）

Correct errors in the following sentences:

1. Francis Bacon wrote that reading makes a full man.

2. Go and get some fresh air! You have been sitting here all morning.

3.The whole of Paris welcomed the general.

4. I've got five brothers, and each of them is quite different from the others.

5. Neither of my parents are interested in my idea.

V. 改寫句子（每題2分，共28分）

1. Thank you very much for the English-Chinese dictionary you sent my son.

2. Twenty horses that were to be trained for riding were put into the corral.

3. My boss is a very considerate person, which his predecessor was not at all.

4. No, I don't think so. He hates lawyers.

5. Excessive exposure to violence on TV is more harmful to children than expected.

VI. 名詞解釋（每題2分，共4分）

1. The non-finite verbs are verbs that are not marked for tense or for subject-verb concord.

2. Determiners refer to words which are used in the pre-modification of a noun phrase and which typically precede any adjectives that pre-modify the head word.

VII. 簡答題（每小題2分，共10分）

1. Generally speaking, adjectives denoting inherent qualities characterize the referent of the noun. e.g. A big house refers to a house whose size is big.

2. No, they can't. They can highlight the adjectives, adverb or verb.

第二部分：教材的學(xué)習(xí)與使用

一． 首先，仔細研讀教材后面所附錄的《高等教育自學(xué)考試英語語法自學(xué)考試大綱》，做到學(xué)習(xí)重點、考試要求了然于心。

二． 由于教材涉及的術(shù)語較多，考試時所有的考題均用英文表述，學(xué)員必須熟記這些術(shù)語?？蓞⒄諘蟆墩n程內(nèi)容與考核目標(biāo)》所列出的主要概念中英文對照。如：詞素（morphemes），詞綴法(affixation),  修飾性狀語(adjunct) ，評注性狀語(disjunct)等。

三． 對于每個概念，術(shù)語，都要做到能用簡單的英語解釋，最好能用書中的定義進行解釋。語法考試中就有一部分要檢查考生對概念的理解及記憶。如：（1）Morpheme(p4): A morpheme is the minimal distinctive grammatical unit, and is the lowest unit in grammatical hierarchy. Morphemes are actually abstract elements of analysis. What occurs is an orthographic form in writing termed “morph” which realizes the morpheme.(詞素是語法的最小區(qū)別性單位,即最低一級的語法單位.詞素的語音或拼寫法的體現(xiàn)叫形素.詞素是抽象的形式成分，在不同的環(huán)境中由若干不同的形素來體現(xiàn))   （2）Mass nouns(p57): Those nouns that can not take plural forms are mass nouns, such as butter, cheese,  homework music, etc. (沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞叫物質(zhì)名詞)

四． 在理解的基礎(chǔ)上，熟記教材上的例句。從以往的試卷分析來看，很多考題就是教材上的原句或略作變動。例如：在全國2003年4月高等教育自學(xué)考試英語語法試題第Ⅱ. 多項選擇填空題(本大題共8小題，每小題2分，共16分)中，幾乎所有的題目均能從書中找出：

Fill in the blanks with one of the items given below:

21. bank, bunch, congregation, pack, series（P65）

A. a _____ of musicians

B. a___ of lectures

22. board, bunch, choir, packet, party（P66）

A. a ______ of guests

B. a______ of keys

23. is, are, was, were, will be, shall be（P344）

Some money _____ carried to the spot and all the food and everything else _____ ready for the picnic.

24. seem, seems, me, I, mine（P59）

Your politics _____ to be entirely different from _____.

25. less, less of, than, as, like（P237）

Mr. Smith is _____ a politician ______ Mr. Lee.

26. more of, many of, much of, than, as, like（P236）

John is as  _____ a fool _____ Bill.

27. be, is, was, are, were, will be, shall be

A. That she is still alive ______ sheer luck.

B. Neither his oral statement nor what he wrote _____ true.

28. have, has, had, will have, shall have（P346）

A. She is the only one of her family who ______ trouble making up the mind.

B. This is the only family in the community who ____ different opinions while making up the mind.